Tag Archives: birds

Excuse me, my good sir or madam, would you like to see a bald eagle?

I’m walking my dog in the park. It’s nearly dark already — slept away my weekend again, second verse same as the first — and the streetlamps have just come on. A pair of men pass on the sidewalk, going in the opposite direction, and I smile and nod absently; it sounds like they’re speaking Russian to each other, but I’m not really listening; in my earbuds, The Tragically Hip are singing, Twenty years for nothing, well that’s nothing new; besides, no one’s interested in something you didn’t do. The cold is getting sharper quickly as the last of the light leeches away. I shouldn’t have spent those ten minutes standing at the park’s north end, watching a murder of crows wheeling overhead, squabbling amongst themselves about who would be perching next to whom in the branches of the single bare tree that they’d all decided to cram themselves into. (It was like watching children fight over who sat where at the lunch table, but their wings were outstretched so beautifully against the gray sky and they tumbled so easily through the air, like leaves caught up together in a whirlwind.)

Behind me, one of the men says in English, “Oh, I should tell her. Excuse me, miss!”

I turn around. There’s no one else about that he might be addressing, and sure enough he’s walking back toward me, while his friend hangs back, looking a bit embarrassed.

“Excuse me, miss,” the fellow says. “Would you like to see a bald eagle?”

Beside me, my dog sits down, like he’s too puzzled by the question to remain standing and needs to sit and think on it awhile. I picture him smoking a pipe with a perplexed expression on his face, and make a mental note to Photoshop that later. My brain also conjures up a few helpful suggestions: Decline offer if said bald eagle is in his van. Decline offer if “bald eagle” is nickname for something in his pants. I imagine the side of a van with “free candy” crudely crossed out and “free bald eagles!!!” spraypainted over the top, and I have to admit that were this the case, I would at least have to applaud his originality.

Considering and subsequently discarding several witty rejoinders, I eventually settle for saying, “Um?” I’m fairly certain my mouth is hanging open, and my dog Trudeau and I are probably wearing matching expressions of eyebrow-raising confusion.

The man seems to pick up on this. “I’m telling everyone,” he says reassuringly, which isn’t actually reassuring at all. I still haven’t even the faintest of ideas what in the hell he’s talking about, and I’m not sure what “everyone” he could be talking about, unless he’s been chasing down joggers on the footpaths clear on the other side of the park’s loop road. I wouldn’t be any more surprised by that than I am by the whole conversation.

He points up into a cluster of bare trees that stand inside the aviary fence, and says, “Look up there, in the branches of the bare tree. Can you see it?”

I can’t help but think that this is like that part in a fight scene when somebody says, “Look, it’s bigfoot!” or “Wow, naked ladies!” and distracts their opponent long enough to knock them unconscious. I’m putting my back to the guy’s buddy by peering into the trees, but whatever; if this elaborate ruse is all in aid of a mugging, then I say they’ve earned the contents of my wallet ($7 in cash and a maxed out food stamp card; suck on that, muggers), and besides, I’m pretty certain that Trudeau will avenge me. I mean, unless these guys are prepared with dog cookies in which case Trudeau can probably be bought, the traitorous bastard.

The point being, I turn and look up at the tree — trees, because “the bare tree” isn’t very descriptive when there are like ten of them right there — and I squint and curse my eyes, and I don’t see a single damned thing. (My conservation biology teacher in college used to mournfully lament that people were only interested in the “charismatic megafauna”… animals like lions and elephants and pandas and whatever, the ones you see lots of nature documentaries about. I argued that I was rather restricted to a study of large animals because my eyes are so bad I’d never be taking up birdwatching.)

“You see it?” the guy says again, and he’s so earnest that I tell him yeah, I do, that’s so cool, even though it takes another ten seconds before I actually spot it, because I really don’t want this to turn into a truly awkward moment where he tries somehow even harder to share his birding discovery with me. I do see it now though, a hunch-shouldered shape huddled on the farthest branch, looking down into the aviary like it’s deigned to come and visit its stranger relations.

“That’s awesome,” I say, and Trudeau sighs because he hasn’t the slightest interest in birds (he has a much keener preference for squirrels).

“It’s visiting from the wild,” the guy tells me, proud and earnest, like the eagle is here on his personal invitation, just to give him the opportunity to interact with strangers. “It’s not part of the aviary.”

“Yeah,” I agree, because come on, obviously. Ticket sales would probably go down if their own birds were free to perch high above the aviary and fly away on a whim. “Thanks,” I tell him again, which is actually another way of saying, Yes I see, please go away now because you are making this awkward.

He seems to pick up on the unspoken social signal, and finally rejoins his friend, leaving Trudeau and I to continue on our way, though we don’t go far, just to where the view improves. I’m grateful to the gentleman, strange as the exchange was, for pointing the bird out, and grateful even moreso that he left us alone to enjoy the sight. The eagle is a splendid, large adult, and its perch is just high enough that I’m wishing for binoculars and just low enough that still, even with my poor eyesight, I can see that while I’m standing there looking up, the bird is looking back down. We’re both caught in the pool of light cast by a nearby lamp post, and it makes the white feathers on the bird’s head shine with a particular brilliance.

The eagle doesn’t do anything in particular, just sits and stares, but just its presence makes something stir in my chest, some weak thing fluttering inside my ribcage, the beating of phantom wings against my heart a reminder that even a little piece of the wilderness can make us feel just a little more alive.

After awhile, the eagle turns its head again, apparently bored with its view of us, and the deepening darkness gathers in against its brown body like the evening itself has also chosen to roost on that branch. We continue on — reluctantly, in my case, and quite eagerly in Trudeau’s, as I think he still had hope for a squirrel sighting — and though I keep my eyes peeled for other intrepid park-goers to share the discovery with, none are forthcoming. And while I wouldn’t mind sharing this sight with someone else — I’ve no doubt it would be just as wonderfully random and awkward as it was for me — I’m not quite mad enough to go running after the joggers.


Featured Creature Friday: Crafty Crows, Agricultural Ants, and Pyro Bonobos

When I was a kid, I remember reading dated books about natural human history that showed early human ancestors (typically clad in Flintstones-style approximations of what I can only assume were sabertoothed tiger skins), and they explained the process of our evolution, and what forces had contributed to our eventual rise to true civilization (which at the time meant listening to Phil Collins and wearing stirrup pants and jellies.)

Our large brains separated us from the animals, we were told. We learned to create and use tools. To farm and keep livestock. To harness fire. We were convinced that all of this made us better than the beasts.

Of course, in the time since then, we’ve learned that there are animals that do all of those things too. They just haven’t taken it that one step further by building monster trucks, synthesizing bovine growth hormone, or inventing nuclear weapons, all of which truly makes us superior to the dumb beasts of the world.

Still, you have to give the animals credit for being just ridiculously clever, so let’s take a look at a few of them and boggle together at how much smarter they appear to be than we are. They’re at least out there making their way in the world, pulling themselves up by their proverbial bootstraps, instead of sitting around at home and watching Jersey Shore.

Art by John Gerrard Keulemans, in the public domain

The Toolsmiths: New Caledonian Crows

We all know that many birds are kind of ridiculously intelligent. They’ve been observed doing things like dropping turtles from great heights to break their shells, or using the tires of passing cars to crack open nutshells. Birds have been shown to show some ability for counting, problem-solving, deception, pre-planning, operating  and incredible skills of dancing. And although many birds have a demonstrated ability to use tools, the current master toolsmith of the bird world is the New Caledonian Crow of New Zealand. These birds have been shown to not only use tools but also to create them, and to use one tool to acquire another tool to acquire another tool to get to a food source. Here’s a TED talk from a fellow who built a crow vending machine, where they could exchange coins for peanuts. (I can only assume that this gentleman is now both very rich and also a regular at his bank’s coin-counting machine.)

The Farmers: The Herding Ants

There are actually a surprising number of animals that actively engage in farming. Termite mounds are essentially giant terrariums designed to create optimum conditions for the fungus they like to eat. You might think Leaf-Cutter Ants cut leaves so they can eat them, but actually they’re creating compost for growing their own fungus farms. Ambrosia Beetles grow their fungus farms in trees, while Marsh Snails use their tongues to slice into cordgrass, creating a perfect environment for the fungi they prefer to feast on. Even the oceanic creatures get in on the action: spotted jellyfish are their own living greenhouses, and make use of photosynthesis and their own transparent skins to help them create a rich fungal crop inside their own bodies. (I’m beginning to sense that animals love fungi.) Damselfish, meanwhile, grow algae and are as aggressively protective as a farmer with a shotgun… plus, the algae they prefer are a bit wimpy, and probably wouldn’t really survive without cultivation. If you’ve ever read Michael Pollan’s The Botany of Desire, that may sound like a familiar story.

But I was going to talk about ants. Ants are particularly interesting because they don’t raise mere crops like the rest of their fungus-loving friends. They actually farm livestock. Several species of ants keep herds of aphids, which they “milk” for their excrement, “honeydew,” which is extremely sugary. (Before you start judging the ants, remember that humans make a common practice of not only eating all sorts of animal meat but also their mammary secretions and in the case of birds, the byproducts of their menstrual cycle.) The relationship between ants and aphids directly mirrors that between humans and our own livestock animals. The ants get to enjoy good nutrition and delicious treats, plus an extremely reliable food source. They relocate their herds to better grazing when necessary, defend them from predators, clean up their waste (which would otherwise attract unwanted visitors), keep them out of the weather, and even help them reproduce by sheltering, protecting and nurturing their larvae.

New research also suggests that humans aren’t the only ones to use pharmaceuticals on our livestock, or to physically modify them the same way we might castrate calves or dock a lamb’s tail. The ants sometimes nip off the adult aphids’ wings so they can’t fly about on their own. A new study suggests that chemicals the ants track around on their feet may serve as some sort of signal or actual tranquilizer for the aphids.

The Firestarters: Bonobo Apes

Okay, this one’s a little bit of a cheat, but you’re going to love it anyway. This TED talk shows video of bonobos starting a fire, driving a golf cart, playing musical instruments, inventing new uses for tools, and playing Pac-Man. Yeah, you heard me. They weren’t taught these things as tricks, but basically the behaviors were modeled for them, and they picked them right up and started experimenting for themselves.

So I guess we’re just not as special as we thought we were, nor are animals quite the dumb beasts that they’ve been made out to be… and we’d better be careful, because we’ve taught them how to start fires. I’m just saying.


Close to the Sun in Lonely Lands

A few weeks ago I was on campus, shooting photos of sale horses, when I looked up over the horsey playground and happened to spot this fellow soaring around, obviously looking for tasty morsels in the pastures. I’m not good with birds — my eyesight is too poor for me to be able to distinguish any of the details that might make them identifiable — but I was with Brett, who said with convincing authority that it was a juvenile bald eagle. I just never know if he’s putting me on or not. :D

I snapped some photos with my longest lens, which wasn’t really long enough, and then I looked out toward the treeline and spotted a second bird of the exact same type. They patrolled the area together for a little bit, but by then they’d drifted too far away for me to even bother trying to get a photo.

So what do you think, interwebz? Any bird experts out there? Is it a bald eagle? I find it rather fetching, either way.


[bioblog] Of rivers, reindeer and monogamous finches.

What’s that sound? My God, it’s… it’s… a science-related link roundup, here to bring you joy! And science! And joy!

A team in the Amazon believe they have discovered a massive subterranean river running beneath the Amazon basin. And it’s insanely huge. It runs beneath the Amazon River and is also 6000km long, but unlike the piddly Amazon (which ranges from 1-100km wide) this underground river, which they’re called ‘Rio Hamza,’ ranges from 200-400km wide. Oh, and it flows at less than a millimeter per hour. You know what happens next, right? They’re going to discover a thriving population of prehistoric sea monsters down there, and there will follow an inevitable SyFy Original Picture.

Apparently reindeer can see UV light, which leads to a lot of Rudolph jokes but is really a pretty awesome survival adaptation. Both its food and its predators — lichen and wolves, respectively — absorb UV light, so the reindeer’s ability to see in that spectrum means that those two things stand out pretty starkly against all that UV-reflecting snow. Their eyes also are resistant to damage from UV light, which is awesome and might eventually lead to better eye-protection technology for humans. I knew there was a good reason I loved caribou so much.

Meanwhile, in the depths of space, some scientists have discovered a very dark planet. It is the darkest planet they’ve ever seen, which has led to such vivid descriptions as, “It’s darker than the blackest lump of coal, than dark acrylic paint you might paint with.” It’s a good thing that guy got into science instead of, say, literature. Anyway, I’ve seen this whole dark-planet-y-type-thing on Doctor Who or maybe The Fifth Element or something like that, and I want to tell you right now that it’s not going to end well for us.

A study of zebra finches has shown that same-sex pairs are just as faithful to their partners as opposite-sex pairs are. As you may know, the subject of fidelity in zebra finches has long been an object of intense interest from yours truly, but it’s a really good thing that they did the study with zebra finches instead of pigeons. It’s not that they’re dirty, it’s just that I’m starting to question their loyalty. (Name that TV quote and I’ll be loyally yours forever.)

In other news, the rapid speciation of fanged frogs on the island of Sulawesi not only illustrates Darwin’s theory of adaptive radiation, it also undoubtedly will provide excellent fodder for a new SyFy original picture. I mean, they’re frogs. And they have fangs. Sort of. Surely the logical leap from there is giant fanged frogs destroying New York City.

Today I learned that some people are born without fingerprints, which I can only assume means that some people are destined for a life of international crime. If these individuals also happened to be albinos, they would be the perfect action-movie villains.

Meanwhile at CERN (I’ve always wanted to say that), scientists are proving exactly what science is all about: asking questions and trying to disprove your own theories. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN was constructed essentially to search for the Higgs boson, the so-called “God particle,” and we’ve all been waiting with bated breath to find out exactly what would happen. The existence of the Higgs boson was considered practically a foregone conclusion… except that the researchers working on the LHC haven’t found it, and it’s becoming increasingly less likely that they will. Don’t worry, scientists… that just means there’s even more stuff about the universe that we don’t understand! That’s rad!


Featured Creature Friday: The Killer Kakapo

Friends, I believe I have been terrifying you long enough with creepy lizard-worm-things and jellyfish and whatnot. It is time that I bring you a featured creature which is cute and cuddly and won’t try to bite your face off or use you as a host for its offspring. That’s why I want to tell you about the Kakapo.

Just look at that handsome face. My God. (photo by Brent Barrett, under Creative Commons license)

First off, you should know that in the title of this post, I’m using “killer” in the same manner as “wicked” or “brilliant,” or whatever it is the kids are saying these days. Unlike some of our other featured creatures, the Kakapo is not out to destroy you and your whole family. It is not literally a killer. In fact, it’s quite the opposite: it’s a large, fluffy, vaguely friendly flightless bird. It’s a vegetarian (which is a nice change of pace after the Vampire Finch), and it has a distinctive style of eating in which it uses its beak (which is excellent for grinding things) to strip all the delicious edible parts out of a plant, leaving behind a neat little ball of indigestible fiber like an arts and crafts project.

It’s an incredible fact of island biogeography that species that evolve in limited habitats with limited predators tend to develop some wild specializations to suit their environments. Darwin saw it in the Galapagos, Wallace saw it in the Malay archipelago, and it’s pretty much a feature of islands everywhere, even the really big ones like Australia. As David Quammen put it, “Isolation plus time yields divergence.” (If you have any interest in biology, I highly recommend Quammen’s The Song of the Dodo, which is an absolutely fascinating read on the subject of island biogeography. And it’s totally not as boring as that makes it sound… it’s an incredible book and one of my all-time favorites, and perfectly accessible if you don’t know the first thing about biology.)

The Kakapo lives in New Zealand, and like many island birds that didn’t really have many predatory land mammals to deal with, it long ago traded its not-very-useful power of flight for a life on the ground. It is the only flightless parrot in the world, and perhaps as a result (too many Cheetos?) is also the heaviest parrot in the world, weighing in at up to eight pounds. It makes up for the lack of flight with strong legs and an ambling ground-covering trot, plus it’s able to handily scale trees and “parachute” from heights using its wings to slow its descent. Like other parrots, it’s long-lived — up to 120 years. When the youngsters are play-fighting, they win by locking their chins over the other bird’s neck, like that annoying cousin who always gets you in a headlock and then gives you noogies. Much like sage grouse, they have a booming mating call and construct leks during breeding season (little dish-shaped indentations in the ground) to help amplify their calls. (Next, they will learn to break guitars and trash hotel rooms.)

They have a luxuriously soft feather-pelt because they don’t need stiff flight feathers. Around their beaks they have little whiskers that help them feel along the ground when they’re looking for snacks and shenanigans. In short, they look very very cuddleable.

(photo by Mnolf, under Creative Commons license)

Of course, also like other flightless birds, the Kakapo was pretty much screwed when humans showed up. Aside from hunting the Kakapo for its delicious rotundness, they also introduced predators like cats, rats and dogs. The Kakapo had adapted to predatory raptors, which are daytime hunters, by becoming nocturnal and learning to freeze and take advantage of its foliage-colored feathers. When night-hunting mammals were introduced, the Kakapo population was decimated. It was down into the double digits for awhile there. But thanks to a rather novel form of population recovery plan, New Zealand’s Kakapos have been relocated to even more isolated islands off the New Zealand coast, which are predator-free zones (after they exterminated — sometimes repeatedly — the rat and weka populations) and where the Kakapo’s numbers are very slowly recovering (its rates of reproduction are among the lowest of any bird species).

So you must be thinking to yourselves that this is all very interesting and whatnot, but beyond everything I’ve mentioned here, what exactly makes the Kakapo so special? Why do I love them so? Well, I will tell you why. It’s because of that one time when a Kakapo shagged Mark Carwardine’s head while Stephen Fry stood by, laughing his ass off.


Featured Creature Friday: The Vampire Finch

This week, for something a little different, I thought maybe instead of bringing you some bizarre and exotic creature you’ve never heard of, I’d bring you something a little more mundane. It’s just a finch: a cute, tiny little bird. It’s a subspecies of the Sharp-Beaked Ground Finch and the males are dark while the females are streaked brown. It’s overall a very boring bird, except that its beverage of choice is blood.

The finch is, of course, famous in circles beyond even the birdspotters of the world; it was essential to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, and specifically helped him to understand and define the process of adaptive radiation, wherein a single species of animal branches rapidly into new species that each have specific adaptations for their individual environments. For most of the finches of the Galapagos, Darwin discovered different beak shapes and variations to make each species of finch more efficient in how it cracked open and ate things like seed pods and nuts.

The Vampire Finch, on the other hand, had to adapt to a lack of freshwater sources on its native Wolf and Darwin islands in the Galapagos. And adapt it did: it developed a habit of perching on another bird, pecking its way through the skin, and drinking the blood.

photo by D. Parer & E. Parer-Cook

It mostly drinks the blood of Nazca and Blue-footed Boobies, which in the vein (heh, vein) of emo Twilight fans, doesn’t seem to mind. It’s thought that the behavior arose from when the finches used to simply peck at the Boobies to eat parasites, before they came the parasites themselves, which might be why the Boobies don’t mind. They just think they’re getting a really deep cleaning.

Vampire finches also like to steal other birds’ eggs, roll them until they hit a rock and crack open, and then eat the delicious almost-omelette inside. From this I can only conclude that Vampire Finches are kind of dicks.


Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.

Join 114 other followers